Difference between revisions of "Verbal Elements"
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=tʃɛ/tʃe= | |||
The morphemes ''tʃɛ'' and ''tʃe'' appear as verbal elements in Igala. ''tʃɛ'' adds the meaning that something has already been done to a sentence. | The morphemes ''tʃɛ'' and ''tʃe'' appear as verbal elements in Igala. ''tʃɛ'' adds the meaning that something has already been done to a sentence. | ||
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= fV/mv = | |||
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Revision as of 19:50, 27 January 2022
tʃɛ/tʃe
The morphemes tʃɛ and tʃe appear as verbal elements in Igala. tʃɛ adds the meaning that something has already been done to a sentence.
| ū | gbɔ̋ | kàkīnī | ɛ̀ | tʃɛ̀ | wā | mɛ̂ |
| 1SG | hear | C | 2SG | already | come | now |
| ‘I heard that you have already come' (D:225). | ||||||
The morpheme tʃe is a copular element translated as do/does.
| ido | e | ta | tʃe | ɛŋʷu | ɔla | mi |
| dance(N) | NMLZ | dance(V) | do | thing | body | 1SG.OBJ |
| ‘Dancing is my favorite thing (to do)' (D:193). | ||||||
In certain cases tʃ(e) seems to note additional emphasis in a situation.
| i | tʃe | uwɛ | dʒɛ | ɔda | lɛ | i | n | : |
| 3SG.NEG | do.EMPH | 2SG.STR | eat | pear | DEF.DIST | EMPH | NEG.SFP | ? |
| ‘Are you not the one who ate the pear?’(D:?). | ||||||||
fV/mv
The morphemes fi and fu in Igala "appears in sentences describing completed action" (Celone 2021).
| òná | nǎ | f(i) | ɔ̀dʒ(ɛ) | àbǎtʃà | hì |
| tomorrow | 1SG.IPFV | PERF1 | morsel | cassava | cook |
| Tomorrow, I will have cooked o.a | |||||
Celone (2021) notes that fV cannot be used to describe events that are ongoing, or that occur habitually.
| u | fi | ɔdʒɛ | ɔabatʃa | hi |
| I | PERF1 | morsel | cassava | cook |
| Tomorrow, I will have cooked o.a | ||||
One of the most recognizable properties of fV is its influence on word order. By default, Igala has SVO word order (Celone 2021). However, in the presence of fV, this is modified. This morpheme appears to surface in the usual verb slot, while the matrix verb appears sentence-finally.
Example sentence with SVO word order.
| ú | lí | òhìmìnì |
| 1SG | see | ocean |
| I have seen the ocean. | ||
Example sentence wit fi which shifts the word order.
| ú | f(u) | òhìmìnì | lí |
| 1SG | PERF1 | ocean | see |
| I have seen the ocean. | |||